Stable monuments are required for both horizontal and vertical control. Monuments and their stability are integral parts of the accuracy of each survey project. Inaccurate survey control monumentation can contribute to costly errors in all phases of project design and development.valuation of all phases of the process.
Despite our best efforts to keep it out, water has found its way inside the building. This course examines the question of what to do next. Since abandoning the building to its eventual collapse, is not usually an option.
The rectangular system of public land surveys over the public domain provides a simple and certain form of land identification and legal description. It has been used continuously since 1785. Although few of the original surveys now being made cover extensive areas, except in the State of Alaska, all facets of the rectangular system occasionally come into use.
This course explains the origins of urban design theory and practice, from its roots in modernist architectural theory in the 1950s to present-day priorities of “placemaking,” combined with increasingly urgent concerns for sustainability and urban resilience.
Even the best prepared construction documents may not be followed exactly, while contractors are executing the work of a project. Almost no projects are built exactly as designed. There are too many people involved, too much time elapses in the course of a project, in which people have time to consider past decisions, and there are too many actually good reasons to make changes to the work. When inevitable changes happen in the construction of the project, the terms of the contract for the work will also change.
In this course, we will examine what we do know about this ubiquitous, ever-present, radioactive gas, why more and more, it tends to accumulate in our buildings, the danger that represents to the health of occupants and what exactly can be done to lower our increasing risk.
The prospect of people being injured may be more worrisome than financial loss. This course will examine a subject architects cannot afford to neglect.